![]() ![]() Simula (first object-oriented language, a superset of ALGOL 60).SequenceL – purely functional, automatically parallelizing and race-free.Python (compiles to intermediate VM bytecode).PL/I (general purpose language, originally for IBM mainframes).Nemerle (compiled into intermediate language bytecode).Kotlin (Kotlin/Native uses LLVM to produce native binaries).Julia (Compiled on the fly to machine code). ![]() Java (usually compiled into JVM bytecode although ahead-of-time (AOT) compilers exist that compile to machine code).Fortran (the first high-level, compiled language, from IBM's John Backus).F# (compiled into CIL, to generate runtime image).Eiffel (object-oriented language developed by Bertrand Meyer).DIBOL (Digital Interactive Business Oriented Language).Delphi (Borland's Object Pascal development system).DASL compiles into Java, JavaScript, JSP, Flex, etc.CLEO (Clear Language for Expressing Orders) on the British Leo computers.CLIPPER 5.3 (programming Language for DOS-based software).C# (compiled into CIL, generates a native image at runtime).C++ (widely used multiparadigm language derived from C).C (one of the most widely used procedural languages).BASIC (some dialects, including the first version of Dartmouth BASIC).Ballerina (compiled to bytecode specific to the Ballerina Runtime (BVM)).ALGOL (very influential language design the second high-level language compiler).35 Object-oriented prototype-based languages.34 Object-oriented class-based languages.29.1 Textual substitution macro languages.24.4 Languages with automatic reference counting (ARC).24.3 Languages with deterministic memory management.24.2 Languages with manual memory management. ![]() The concept of 4GL was developed from the 1970s through the 1990s, overlapping most of the development of 3GL, with 4GLs identified as "non-procedural" or "program-generating" languages, contrasted with 3GLs being algorithmic or procedural languages. Some researchers state that 4GLs are a subset of domain-specific languages. Languages claimed to be 4GL may include support for database management, report generation, mathematical optimization, GUI development, or web development. ![]() While the definition of 4GL has changed over time, it can be typified by operating more with large collections of information at once rather than focusing on just bits and bytes. Each of the programming language generations aims to provide a higher level of abstraction of the internal computer hardware details, making the language more programmer-friendly, powerful, and versatile. A fourth-generation programming language is any computer programming language that belongs to a class of languages envisioned as an advancement upon third-generation programming languages. ![]()
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